Grammatical tense between Persian and Arabic Applied to midaq alley (zuqāq al-midaq) novel by Naguib Mahfouz, translated into Persian

Time is one of the most branched  and complicated linguistic issues. It is branched in the language beginning from morphemes including syntax ending with the meaning or  denotation. This means that studying the tense shall be based on the behavior of the tense  in structures and formations.
Hence, it came to my mind this title for my research, "Grammatical tense between Persian and Arabic to be applied to Midaq alley novel by Naguib Mahfouz and its translation into Persian."
Choosing this topic returns to various reasons and the most important of them are as follows: -The importance of grammatical tense and its role in knowing the context of in which these events occur.-To clarify the extent at which the connections and addenda combine in determining the grammatical tense. -To clarify the extent of the Persian and Arabic languages' ability to embody the accurate time differences through using the morphology formulae in different contexts.
The research is seeking to recognize the grammatical tense concept and how to express it in Persian and Arabic. It also attempts to treat this tense scientifically through the supporting evidences and examples. It seeks to determine the semantic equivalent of the grammatical tense through Midaq alley novel by Naguib Mahfouz and its translation into Persian. In addition to recognizing the tense system between Arabic and Persian and highlighting the aspects of agreement and differences between them.
The research follows the contrastive approach or contrastive study that attempting to study the contrasting between two languages or more, two dialects or more or between  a language and a dialect; between two levels of contemporary languages aiming at giving proof of the differences between the two levels. Basically, this is based on the descriptive approach or descriptive linguistics.
The research reached various results including that Arabic expresses the tense accurately by using meanings and presumptions in the language referring to the opposite  of what was common concerning that Arabic needs to determine the tense. In Arabic tense is not related to wording, whereas in Persian, it is related to it.  This is different form the meaning of the grammatical tense related to context. In addition to various results included in the conclusion.