The Effect of Water Pollution in Damietta Branch on Population health in Damietta Governorate: A Geographic Study

This research aims at studying  the reasons and resources of water pollution, and searching for new methods of treatment in an attempt to make good use of this water to help maintain population health. Therefore, the serious geographic interest of this study is to highlight the effect of contamination and its spread area along the watercourse in order to assign the number of people with various diseases. The present study, having three dimensions, goes as follows:
The watercourse spatial restrictions in the study area. The researcher studies the geographical location and the general description (landscape)for the watercourse. He also studies the morphologic analysis for that watercourse which  are represented in variant and different lengths of sectors longitude. The first sector’s length is about 243 Km2, the second’s 234Km2, the third’s 19.6 Km2. The lengths of watercourse’s width vary from 110m to 236m. The contamination appears clearly in the first sector since it occurs at the end of the watercourse where the final output of various wastes  lie. It is noted that the forms of sectors are different and they vary from zigzag to bent. It is also noted the variation in Slope/gradient factor from (1: 5.52-1:6.69 km). The rates of climatic elements  vary too, and they are represented in high rates of evaporation/ potential transpiration from 1112.8 mm -1182.7 mm, which are very high. As for the rates of drought factor, dry province prevails. However, the sources of pollution are different and variant, and they play an important role in the degree of pollutants’ concentration. The results of the analysis of water samples in the study’s three sectors  show that water is neither identical to the maximum of international Law of World Health Organization nor to the Global specifications and Egyptian measurement in 19995. It has been clear from the results the high rates of water pollution and these rates differ from one year to another.. The widespread water pollution is one of the main reasons behind the high cost of curing diseases resulting from water contamination.
The analysis of statistic methods shows a significant difference in Arithmetic Average which differs according to different variables of water samples. The Standard Deviation is limited to 127.46-0.14, and it ranges from moderate to very high. While Variation factor ranges from 2.99 to 221.10 , it explains the various causes for pollution within the study area. This statistical study has shown  the Correlation Factor between  the special restrictions and pollution has a strong and positive relation. Therefore, the statistical test has demonstrated  significant differences among the sectors. After applying the rates which show a great deficient in water needs and a high rate of pollution  resulting from human activities, the researcher depends on producing and developing some suggested solution. In the study area, he suggests how to develop an environment through geographic knowledge and the use of modern scientific methods in light of the actual and potential resources, thus making an optimal use of them to get a good picture for a bright future in this regard.