Embodiment of Grape Growing and Wine Manufacturing In the Arts of the Roman and Byzantine Empires

One of the consequences of the Roman and Byzantine ages are graphic mosaics and frescos, which embody the cultivation of grapes and wine squeezing, which indicates its presence in a great number of agricultural activity at the time. It was a vintage of great importance when the Romans and the Byzantines, who considered wine a sacred drink in pagan religion and Christianity, as it symbolizes the god Bacchus to Romans and Christ in the Christian period. Grape is widely drawn ionto mosaic floors in churches, and almost no church is devoid of drawings showing the planation of grapes. There are also drawings illustrating the different stages throughout the plantation process, starting from the stage of grape picking up through its final appearance in the form of wine. Such graphics dedicated to the god Bacchus are featured on Roman temples.
Many grape zqueezers were built up to extract wine in several locations known for cultivating grapes. According to a study, such grape zqueezers were established in relation to manufacturing food facilities in the field of grape growing and wine production. In addition, grape zqueezing in Jordan and Palestine represents a phenomenon worthy of research and attention.
This research is an attempt to clarify the cultivation of grapes and manufacturing wine as well as the geographical distribution of grape growing and squeezing in northwestern areas in both Jordan and Palestine, the description of the most important aspects of space and size, number and nature of work, and to compare them in order to explain the similarities and differences among them to reach two conclusions: first; Grapes play an important role in the two periods of the Roman and Byzantine Empires, for being a crop economically important in economic terms anfd for the importance of wine in Christianity; second, it could be argued that there is a sort of unity in the production of this drink, through the similarity of such grape sqeezers, in terms of the general framework, and the way it works in wine extraction.