Historical geography of the land of Palestine between the Old Testament and its interpretation and contemporary reality - a comparative study

Palestine occupies a distinct geographical location, as it is the bridge that connects the three major continents of Asia, Africa, and Europe, which has given it great importance and made it a link between the countries of the Arab world. Despite its small geographical size, it is important in the Arab world. This is what called us to learn about the geography of the land of Palestine in ancient times, to clarify the truth about the names of ancient cities and sites and their geography according to what was stated in the texts of the Old Testament, to view the Old Testament interpretations of the geography of these cities and sites, and to monitor the changes that occurred in the geography of these sites in the modern era, as most of The names of places and locations have not remained constant over the ages.
The study aims to address some geographical issues and dilemmas related to the Old Testament. It works on research and analysis of the geographical, historical, and comparative religious surroundings of the names of Palestinian cities and sites mentioned in the Old Testament and its interpretations, and knowledge of the changes that have occurred in these geographical locations in the current era.
The study is divided into an introduction and five axes, followed by a conclusion that includes the most important results reached by the survey, then a list of sources and references.
Axis One: Historical Geography of Palestine.
Axis Two: Important Geographical Sites in Eastern Palestine.
Axis Three: Important Geographical Sites in Western Palestine.
Axis Four: Important Geographical Sites in Northern Palestine.
Axis Five: Important Geographical Sites in Southern Palestine.