Peaceful Coexistence with non-Muslims at the early era of Islam: the reign Th Caliph Omar ibn Al-Khattab as a model (13-23AH/634-644G)

This research addresses peaceful and societal coexistence and highlights the relationships with non-Muslims in the era of Caliph Omar bin Al-Khattab as a model. It demonstrates this relationship and its manifestations between Muslims and the Dhimmi adherents who were a part of the Rashidi era.
The Research focuses on reviewing the aspects and areas of tolerance and peace with the people of Dhimah, and demonstrates their status, rights, and duties, as called for in our Islamic religion.
The research is divided into an introduction and three sections: (i) The treatment of non-Muslims in the period of Islamic conquests, (ii) Their treatment after the stability of the Islamic presence, and (iii) the impact of such treatment on the people of the conquered countries.
The research has found many findings, including:
-   The reign of Caliph Omar bin Al-Khattab was unique with many conquests, covenants, and charters with non-Muslims.
-   The Caliph Omar binAl-Khattab was keen to deal and coexist peacefully with non-Muslims with whom he had covenants and charters.
-   Muslims’ tolerance and good dealing with the people of Dhimah led to their entry into the Islamic faith.