Women Muslim Waqf in Mamluk Egypt: Historical study

Waqf is considered one of the charitable, cultural, and financial institutions in Muslim society, and it has contributed to the scientific renaissance and development in the fields of science and urbanism for many centuries throughout the Islamic world. Muslim women took the lead and initiative in contributing actively to the endowment related to the development of sciences and the rise of the nation. This research studies and analyzes the importance of endowment in building civilization and promoting the scientific movement in the Mamluk era, which led to development and prosperity, as well as the contributions of women to the scientific renaissance in Mamluk-era Egypt and the role of women in their nation and their participation in building an ancient civilization that history has never witnessed before. The research also examines how endowments were one of the landmarks of scientific development. Accordingly, this study will explore areas of these activities through the topic of "Women's Endowments" from a religious, social, and cultural perspective, especially given the endowment's connection to the religious system, which raises an important question for those interested: Does religious thought or religion have any connection to the role of women in creating endowments?