The Dutch consulate in Jeddah, its origins and functions 1289-1326 A.H. / 1872-1908 A.D.

Document Type : Original Article

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Abstract

This study is about the Dutch consulate in the city of Jeddah from its inception in 1289 AH / 1872 AD until 1326 AH / 1908 AD, which was the period of the Ottoman rule of the Hejaz. The Two Holy Mosques, and the focus of attention of European countries that aspired during that period to establish minorities in this city, including the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as they were keen to establish a consulate to protect the interests of their Muslim citizens from the East Indies (Indonesia), as it is a new study that had not previously been touched upon, As it relied on a number of unpublished Dutch archive documents.

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  • Receive Date: 12 April 2020
  • Revise Date: 04 May 2020
  • Accept Date: 12 June 2020

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