التناقضات فى آراء الرواقية الأخلاقية الرواقية الرومانية نموذجاً

Our theme is a critical studying of the Stoicism ethics as it incorporate in the roman era. Our Choice of ethics as a research theme due to two reasons: The first is the dignity of ethics in Stoicism; as it is essentially a practical doctrine so it doesn’t care about Physics or logic, It studies them as prelude its goal is ethics.
The second reason to our research in Stoicism ethics due to that ethics which make Stoicism famous; so we see we must dive in ethical ideas of the Stoics to evaluate it to show its consistency or not with the principles of the doctrine.    
We choose the roman era because two of its eminent philosophers – Seneca and Marcus Aurelius – were famous as they participate at that time in political affairs. In addition to that is the existence of their works which enable us to know their opinions and evaluate it. A third reason for our choose is that this era represent the last development of Stoicism. We use in our research two methods: the critical method and the comparative.  
After studying the ethical opinions of the Stoics we see that there are a lot of contradictions in it. The source of these contradictions was concoction of the Stoicism; as it adopts the idealistic opinions of Socrates and Plato which don’t consist with the materialistic opinions in epistemology and physics .We can summarize the contradictions in Stoicism ethics in the following ideas:
1-   The relations of soul and body.
2-   The relations of mind and feelings.
3-   Their concept about happiness.
4-    Their concept about virtue.
5-   Freedom of will and the ethical responsibility.