دراسة نقدية لرواية ميرامار المصرية

The critical concepts adopted in this study, such as social categorization, stereotyping, and narrative point of view, are derived from the works of foreign critics in the fields of narratology and social psychology. Applying these concepts to an Arabic novel like "Miramar" and its film adaptation has enriched the analysis and deepened understanding. This has enabled the connection between the novel's narrative structure and the ways in which characters are represented, and has helped highlight the mechanisms of social representation within the Arab context.
This study examines the concept of stereotyping and social categorization through Naguib Mahfouz's novel "Miramar" and Kamal El Sheikh's film "Miramar," as two models that reflect the transformations of Egyptian society after the 1952 revolution. The novel, which features multiple voices, allows each narrator to present events from their own perspective, creating a narrative that enables the reader to understand the characters' internal contradictions and their class and political backgrounds. Each narrator is assigned a chapter bearing his or her name, presenting their own perspective on the events and the other characters residing at the pension. This narrative technique is an example of what critic Alain Rapatel calls "point de vue," where the narrative unfolds from the perspective of a character rather than a neutral narrator.
The analysis reveals that the difference in political and social affiliations of each narrator not only affects their view of the other but also leads to their own inclusion within certain categories within the novel. The narrators become simultaneously classifiers and the classified, with each individual voice reflecting a level of tension and intersection between the personal and the collective, and between the subjective and the ideological.
The multiplicity of viewpoints contributes to constructing a comprehensive critical vision of Egyptian society in the post-revolutionary period and reveals the mechanisms of stereotyping and classification as part of the novel's narrative structure, giving it a distinctive dialectical and dialogical character.
The research highlights how the differences in class and ideological affiliations between the novel's narrators—Amer Wagdy, Mansour Bahi, Sarhan al-Beheiry, and Hosni Allam—led to the production of strict social categories, where each narrator resides The other is portrayed through stereotypes. The research also examines Zahra's character as a point of convergence that sparks conflict between these characters, each of whom views her through a class or gender lens, varying according to their background and social position.
In the film version, these tensions are manifested through visual language, the choice of camera angles, and the distribution of characters within the shared space of the pension, making the space itself a mirror of social and political conflicts. The research demonstrates that stereotyping and social classification are not merely tools for characterizing characters, but rather represent profound mechanisms that reproduce inequalities that shape the narrative structure of both the novel and the film.